Phobia Intervention Outline Essays

Phobia Intervention Outline Essays Phobia Intervention Outline Essay Phobia Intervention Outline Essay Phobias â€Å"A phobia is strong, persistent, specific fears lasting more than 6 months and accompanied by intense physiological symptoms and avoidance or distress typify the presence of a specific phobia. † –DSM-IV-TR Article #1: Intensive Treatment of Specific Phobias in Children and Adolescents Population: Children and Adolescents * Ages: 7-17 * Boys girls Hypothesis: Researchers wanted to see what the actual implementation of OST with children and adolescents would be while extending the techniques from the unpublished OST Manual for Children. Researchers also wanted to see a host of practical issues associated with using exposure therapy for the treatment of specific phobias. Method: A type of Cognitive-behavioral therapy- One Session Treatment About the Intervention: * OST is developmentally informed and intensive- lasting 90-180 minutes * Combines in vivo exposure, psycho-education, particular models, cognitive challenges, reinforcement (contingency management), and skills training in intensive treatment model. Creates a fear hierarchy simultaneously probes for catastrophic thoughts associated with varying levels of exposure * GOAL: not to create another traumatic experience but to create an opportunity for child to learn that the negative expectations and thoughts believed to surround the stimulus either do not occur or if they do occur are not as anxiety-arousing as believed. Before applying the treatment researchers conducted: Diagnostic Assessment- chose appropriate evidence-based treatment for the phobia. * Anxiet y Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV Child Parent Version * Makes diagnosis for phobia and introduces a rating system of fear for child * Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised * Discriminates types of phobia and proved an index of fear level/ intensity * BAT- Behavioral Avoidance Test Info from observing the child’s reaction and avoidance to stimulus * Functional Assessment (45 mins)- meeting for parents and children in different setting * Determine maintaining variables, generate fear hierarchy, catalog child’s most severe catastrophic cognitions (asking child what the easiest interaction with stimulus is, then most difficult and then ask for ranks in-between) , determine onset and course of phobia, build rapport and present rationale for treatment * GOAL: to assess both child and parent(s)’ motivation for treatment * Family and Parental Factors Rationale and pretreatment instructions * Lets parents know what’s coming and alleviates misconcepti ons about treatment and how it will be conducted and experienced Conducting OST * Exposure (negotiation)- *in vivo* * Elicits fear so that catastrophic cognitions expectancies can be activated and addressed * Permits fear to habituate and avoidance to extinguish * Prevents behavioral and cognitive avoidance in a safe and controlled environment * TECHNIQUES: â€Å"foot in the door† and â€Å"door in the face† * Cognitive Challenges Participant Modeling * Reinforcement * Psychoeducation and skills training * Implementation After OST * Instructions to continue self-exposure for next few months + follow up appts Results: Results showed that this approach is effective and not only works better with girls but also children with animal phobia. Discussion: Benefits of OST * Follows children’s expectations 75. 4% * Satisfied with treatment 82. % Evaluation: We decided that we would use this intervention. It alters one, if not more, of the cognitive, behavioral and physi ological aspect of the patient’s phobic emotional response. How OST came about: Researchers were not coming up with new interventions, they just modified â€Å"the wheel†, therapies that have existed for years. They wanted to see how treatments worked better together.